Faculty and Students at the University of Pennsylvania inaugurated this heritage site in the spring of 2008.
This virtual history center will be an ever-revised and expanded resource by and for members of the
West Philadelphia community, and especially for teachers and their students.

D’Apery, Tello. Overbrook Farms: Its Historical Background, Growth and Community Life. Philadelphia, PA.: The Magee Press, 1936. http://apps.libraries.psu.edu/digitalbookshelf/.

Daly, John, and Allen Weinberg. Genealogy of Philadelphia County Subdivisions. Philadelphia, PA.: Philadelphia Department of Records, 2nd edition. 1966.

Faris, John. Old Roads Out of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA.: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1917. Available at http://books.google.com/books.

Glenn, Thomas Allen. Merion in the Welsh Tract: With Sketches of the Townships of Haverford. Merion, PA.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1970.

Historical Marker. "Stories from PA History." ExplorePAhistory.com. http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=2/.

Jackson, Joseph. America’s Most Historic Highway: Market Street, Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA.: John Wanamaker, 1926. http://apps.libraries.psu.edu/digitalbookshelf/.

Jackle, Robert Carl. Philadelphia Across the Schuylkill: Work, Transportation and Residence in West Philadelphia, 1860-1910. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Ph. Philadelphia, PA.:1985.

Klein, Philip S. and Ari Hoogenboom. A History of Pennsylvania. New York, NY.: McGraw-Hill, 1973.

Licht, Walter. Getting Work: Philadelphia, 1840-1950. Philadelphia, PA.: University of  Pennsylvania Press, 2000.

Lewis, John. The Redemption of the Lower Schuylkill. Philadelphia, PA.: City Parks Association, 1924. http://www.phillyh2o.org/backpages/redemption/redemption.htm.

Meyers, Allen. Images of America: The Jewish Community of West Philadelphia. Mount Pleasant, SC.: Arcadia Publishing, 2003.

Miller, Randall M. and William Pencak. Pennsylvania : A History of the Commonwealth. PA.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.

O’Mara, Margaret Pugh. "Building Brainsville: The University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia." Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 2005, chapter 4.

Nolan, Bennett. The Schuylkill. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 1951.

"Philadelphia Neighborhoods: Histories, Plans, and Futures, 1946-1990." Greater Philadelphia GeoHistory Network. http://www.philageohistory.org/geohistory/ (accessed Feb. 25, 2008).

Redding, Richard. The Plan for West Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA.: The Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1994.

Rosenthal, Leon S. A History of Philadelphia’s University City. Philadelphia, PA.: Printing Office of the University of Pennsylvania, 1963. http://www.uchs.net/Rosenthal/rosenthaltofc.html.

University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/campuses/wpto1900campus.html.

Vieira, Laffitte. West Philadelphia Illustrated. Philadelphia, PA.: Avil Printing Co, 1903.

Weaver, William. West Philadelphia: A Study of Natural Social Areas: Population   figures for West Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA.: Westbrook Co., 1930. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015059488109.

Warner, Sam Bass. The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of its Growth. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1968.

Dunn, Jacub Piatt. True Indian Stories: With Glossary of Indiana Indian Names. Indianapolis, IN.:Sentinel Printing Company, 1909. Available at http://books.google.com/books.

Kraft, Herbert. The Lenape of Delaware Indians. NJ.: Lenape Lifeways, Inc., 2005.

 "Native American Sites in the City of Philadelphia." Philadelphia Archaeological Forum. http://www.phillyarchaeology.org/more/nativeamerican/index.htm (accessed Feb. 23, 2008).

Richter, Daniel. Native Americans’ Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA.: Pennsylvania Historical Association, 2005.

Schutt, Amy. Peoples of the River Valley: The Odyssey of the Delaware Indian. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Sugrue, Thomas J. "The Peopling and Depeopling of Early Pennsylvania: Indians and Colonists, 1680-1720." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 116 (1992): 3-31.

Weslager, Clinton Alfred. The Delaware Indians: A History. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 1972.

Bartram’s Gardens. "John Bartram-America’s Pioneering Naturalist." John Bartram Association. http://www.bartramsgarden.org/ (accessed  Feb. 15, 2008).

Becker, Marshall Joseph. "Lenape Population at the Time of European Contact: Estimating Native Numbers in the Lower Delaware Valley." Symposium on the   Demographic History of the Philadelphia Region 1600-1860, ed. Susan Klepp, 133, no. 2 (1989): 112-122.

Biond, Lawrence J. "West Philadelphia and Powelton History District Development Timeline." Powelton Village. http://www.poweltonvillage.org/powelton2.html (accessed Feb. 15, 2008).

Glenn, Thomas Allen. Merion in the Welsh Tract: With Sketches of the Townships of Haverford. Merion, PA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1970.  Available at http://books.google.com/books.

Klepp, Susan. "Demography in Early Philadelphia, 1690-1860." Symposium on the Demographic History of the Philadelphia Region 1600-1860, 133, no. 2 (1989): 85-111.

Thomas, George. "Powelton Historic District of University City." University City Historical Society. http://www.uchs.net (accessed Feb. 20, 2008).

Altadoona, Joseph Leigh. The School, Curriculum, and Community: A Case Study of  the Institutionalizing of Industrial Education in the Public Schools of Philadelphia , 1876-1918. Unpublished Ed.D. dissertation. New York, NY.: Columbia University, 1983.

Cheape, Charles W. Moving the Masses: Urban Public Transit in New York, Boston and  Philadelphia 1880-1912. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Croskey, John Welsh. History of Blockley: A History of the Philadelphia Hospital from its Inception, 1731-1928.  Philadelphia, PA.: F.A. Davis Company, 1929.

Cutler, William W., and Howard Gillette, Jr. The Divided Metropolis: Social and Spatial  Dimensions of Philadelphia, 1800-1975. Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press, 1980.

DeLeon, Clark. America ’s First Zoostory: 125 Years at the Philadelphia Zoo.Donning Virginia Beach, VA.: Company Publishers, 1999.

Grubel, Matt. "The Building of West Philadelphia: The City Beautiful, 1911-1930." University of Pennsylvania Archives. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/exhibits/grubel/index.html, (accessed 20 Feb. 2008).

Heath, Andrew. The Manifest Destiny of Philadelphia: Imperialism, Republicanism, and the Remaking of a City and Its People, 1837-1877. Ph.D. dissertation. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania, 2008.

Hepp, John Henry. The Middle Class: Transforming Space and Time in Philadelphia, 1876-1926. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.

Horle, Craig W., Joseph S. Foster, and Jeffrey L. Scheib, editors. Lawmaking and Legislators in Pennsylvania: A Biographical Dictionary, vol. 2. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997. Maass, John. The Glorious Enterprise: The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 and H.J. Schwarzmann, Architect-in-Chief. New York, NY.: American Life Foundation, 1973.

Magee, Richard. Magee’s Illustrated Guide of Philadelphia and the Centennial Exhibition: A Guide and descriptions to all places of interest in or about Philadelphia, to the Centennial grounds and buildings, and Fairmount Park. Philadelphia, PA.: Richard Magee & Son, 1876.

Marsh, Margaret Sammartino. "Suburbanization and the Search for Community: Residential Decentralization in Philadelphia, 1880-1900." Pennsylvania History, 44, (1977): 99-116.

Miller, Roger and Siry, Joseph. "The Emerging Suburb: West Philadelphia 1850-1880." Pennsylvania History, 47, no. 2 (1980): 99-145.

Nicolai, Richard R. Centennial Philadelphia. Bryn Mawr, PA.: Bryn Mawr Press, 1976.

Hospitals: "Old Blockley": www.phila.gov. http://www.phila.gov/health/commissioner/History/Hospitals.html (accessed 15 June, 2008 at this URL: http://www.phila.gov/health/history/parts/part_5.htm).

Philadelphia Zoo. "About America's First Zoo." Philadelphia Zoological Gardens. http://www2.philadelphiazoo.org/about/AboutZoo.htm (accessed Mar. 1, 2008).

Rothman, David J. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New  Republic. Boston, MA.: Little Brown and Company, 1971.

Straw, Kise and Kolodmer. "Blockley Almshouse Cemetery." http://ksk1.com/portfolio/archaeology/pdfs/Blockley_Almshouse4.pdf, p.1 (accessed Jun. 8, 2008).

Sudak, Howard. "A Remarkable Legacy: Pennsylvania Hospital’s Influence on the Field of Psychiatry," The University of Pennsylvania Health System.http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/features/psych.html (accessed Feb. 25, 2008).

"Welcome to the Woodlands." University City Historical Society. http://www.uchs.net/Woodlands/woodlandscemetery.html (accessed 20 Jul. 22, 2008).

University of Delaware Library. "Eli K. Papers." University of Delaware Library Special Collections Department.  Processed August 1993, by Rhonda R. Newton. http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/findaids/price.htm (accessed Jul. 10, 2008).

"African American Baseball in Philadelphia." ExplorePAhistory.Com. http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=2 (accessed Feb. 18, 2008).

"American Bandstand." ExplorePAhistory.Com. http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=449 (accessed Feb. 12, 2008).

Countryman, Matthew. Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Darlington, Peggy, David Pirmann, and Gregory Jordan-Detamore, "Market Frankford El." York City Subway Resources. http://world.nycsubway.org/us/phila/market-frankford.html (accessed Feb. 1, 2008).

Hammonds, Kenneth A. Historical Directory of Presbyterian Churches and  Presbyteries of Greater Philadelphia: Elated to the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A) and Its Antecedents, 1690-1990. Philadelphia, PA.: Presbyterian Historical Society, 1993.

Hillier, Amy. "Redlining and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation." Journal of Urban History, 29 (2003): 394-420.  http://works.bepress.com/amy_hillier/4

Lemann, Nicholas. The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. NY.: Vintage Books, 1991.

Molloy, Ruth Branning. Finally. Lititz, PA.: Sutter House, 2000.

Allen Meyers. The Jewish Community in West Philadelphia. Porthsmouth, NH.: Arcadia Publishing Company, 2004.

Philadelphia , PA [map]. Vol.14, 1922. Scale not given. "Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 1916-1929 – Philadelphia". Digital Sanborn Maps.  http://sanborn.umi.com/pa/7905/dateid-000001.htm?CCSI=2429n (accessed Feb. 15, 2008).

Philadelphia , PA [map]. Vol. 15, 1923. Scale not given. "Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 1916-1929 – Philadelphia". Digital Sanborn Maps. http://sanborn.umi.com/pa/7905/dateid-000001.htm?CCSI=2429n (accessed Feb.15, 2008).

Pierson, Daniela. An Ethnic History of West Philadelphia, 1870-1980: a Research Tool for Demographic Studies. Philadelphia, PA.: Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies, 1994.

SEPTA (Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Association). http://www.septa.org/inside/history/mfse.html (accessed Feb. 1, 2008).

Skaler, Robert Morris. Images of America West Philadelphia University City to 52nd Street. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2002.

Swigart, Leigh. "Extended Lives: The African Immigrant Experience in Philadelphia." Balch Institute Community Profile. http://www.hsp.org/files/AI_profile_article.pdf (accessed Feb. 20, 2008).

Thayer, Preston and Porter, Jed. "West Philadelphia." Workshop of the World.  Philadelphia, PA.: Oliver Evans Press, 1990.  http://www.workshopoftheworld.com/west_phila/west_phila.html (accessed Feb. 18, 2008).

Twelves, J. Wesley. A History of the Diocese of Pennsylvania of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A, 1784-1968. Philadelphia, PA.: Diocese of Pennsylvania, 1969. 

University Archives and Record Center. University of Pennsylvania. "Ruth Branning Molloy Collection." Processed  August 2007, by Seth S. Tannenbaum. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/faids/upt/upt50/molloy_ruth_b.html (accessed Jul. 10, 2008).

White, William P. The Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. A Camera and Pen Sketch of Each Presbyterian Church and Institution in the City. Philadelphia, PA.: Allen, Lane & Scott, 1895.

[Under Construction]

Altadoona, Joseph Leigh. The School, Curriculum, and Community: A Case Study of the Institutionalizing of Industrial Education in the Public Schools of Philadelphia, 1876-1918. Unpublished Ed.D. dissertation. New York, NY.: Columbia University, 1983.

Croskey, John Welsh. History of Blockley: A History of the Philadelphia Hospital from its Inception, 1731-1928.  Philadelphia, PA.: F.A. Davis Company, 1929.

Drexel University Archives and Special Collections. "James MacAlister Papers." Drexel University. http://www.library.drexel.edu/archives/collections/macalisterabstract.html (accessed Nov. 1, 2008).

DeLeon, Clark. America’s First Zoostory: 125 Years at the Philadelphia Zoo. Donning Virginia Beach, VA.: Company Publishers, 1999.

Hammonds, Kenneth A. Historical Directory of Presbyterian Churches and Presbyteries of Greater Philadelphia: Elated to the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A) and Its Antecedents, 1690-1990. Philadelphia, PA.: Presbyterian Historical Society, 1993.

Mt. Pisgah A.M.E. Church. "The View from Mt. Pisgah." Mt. Pisgah A.M.E. Church. http://www.mtpisgahamec.org.

 "Old Blockley’: Philadelphia General Hospital." www.phila.gov. http://www.phila.gov/health/commissioner/History/Hospitals.html (accessed 15 June, 2008 at this URL: http://www.phila.gov/health/history/parts/part_5.htm).

Philadelphia Zoo. "About America's First Zoo," Philadelphia Zoological Gardens. http://www2.philadelphiazoo.org/about/AboutZoo.htm (accessed Mar. 1, 2008).

Rothman, David J. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston, MA.: Little Brown and Company, 1971.

"Satterlee Hospital: A Civil War Hospital in West Philadelphia," University City  Historical Society, http://www.uchs.net/Satterlee/satterleehospital.html

Straw, Kise and Kolodmer. "Blockley Almshouse Cemetery." http://ksk1.com/portfolio/archaeology/pdfs/Blockley_Almshouse4.pdf, p.1 (accessed 15 June, 2008).

Sudak, Howard. "A Remarkable Legacy: Pennsylvania Hospital’s Influence on the Field of Psychiatry." The University of Pennsylvania Health System. http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/features/psych.html (accessed Feb. 25, 2008).

Twelves, J. Wesley. A History of the Diocese of Pennsylvania of the Protestant Episcopal  Church in the U.S.A, 1784-1968. Philadelphia, PA.: Diocese of Pennsylvania, 1969.

"Welcome to the Woodlands." University City Historical Society. http://www.uchs.net/Woodlands/woodlandscemetery.html (accessed Jul. 20, 2008).

White, William P. The Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. A Camera and Pen Sketch of Each Presbyterian Church and Institution in the City. Philadelphia, PA.: Allen, Lane & Scott, 1895.

Becker, Marshall Joseph. "Lenape Population at the Time of European Contact: Estimating Native Numbers in the Lower Delaware Valley." Symposium on the Demographic History of the Philadelphia Region, 1600-1860, ed. Susan Klepp, 133, no. 2 (1989): 112-122.

Countryman, Matthew. Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Dunn, Jacub Piatt. True Indian Stories: With Glossary of Indiana Indian Names. Indianapolis, IN.:Sentinel Printing Company, 1909. Available at http://books.google.com/books.

Glenn, Thomas Allen. Merion in the Welsh Tract: With Sketches of the Townships of Haverford.  Merion, PA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1970. Available at http://books.google.com/books.

Klepp, Susan. "Demography in Early Philadelphia, 1690-1860." Symposium on the Demographic History of the Philadelphia Region 1600-1860, 133, no. 2 (1989) 85-111.

Kraft, Herbert. The Lenape of Delaware Indians. NJ.: Lenape Lifeways, Inc., 2005.

Marsh, Margaret Sammartino. "Suburbanization and the Search for Community: Residential Decentralization in Philadelphia, 1880-1900." Pennsylvania History, 44 (1977): 99-116.

Molloy, Ruth Branning. Finally. Lititz, PA.: Sutter House, 2000.

 "Native American Sites in the City of Philadelphia." Philadelphia Archaeological Forum. http://www.phillyarchaeology.org/more/nativeamerican/index.htm (accessed Feb. 23, 2008).

Pierson, Daniela. An Ethnic History of West Philadelphia, 1870-1980: A Research Tool for Demographic Studies. Philadelphia, PA.: Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies, 1994.

Richter, Daniel. Native Americans’ Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA.: Pennsylvania Historical Association, 2005.

Schutt, Amy. Peoples of the River Valley: The Odyssey of the Delaware Indian. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Sugrue, Thomas J. "The Peopling and Depeopling of Early Pennsylvania: Indians and Colonists, 1680-1720." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 116 (1992): 3-31.

Swigart, Leigh. "Extended Lives: The African Immigrant Experience in Philadelphia." Balch Institute Community Profile. http://www.hsp.org/files/AI_profile_article.pdf (accessed Feb. 20, 2008).

University Archives and Record Center. " Ruth Branning Molloy Collection." University of Pennsylvania. Processed Aug. 2007, by Seth S. Tannenbaum.  http://www.archives.upenn.edu/faids/upt/upt50/molloy_ruth_b.html (accessed 10 July 2008).

Weslager, Clinton Alfred. The Delaware Indians: A History. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 1972.

Heath, Andrew. The Manifest Destiny of Philadelphia: Imperialism, Republicanism, and the Remaking of a City and Its People, 1837-1877. Ph.D. dissertation. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania, 2008.

Horle, Craig W., Joseph S. Foster, and Jeffrey L. Scheib, editors. Lawmaking and Legislators in Pennsylvania: A Biographical Dictionary, vol. 2. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

Montgomery, David. "The Shuttle and the Cross: Weavers and Artisans in the Kensington Riots of 1844." Journal of Social History, 5 (1972): 411-446.

Skaler, Robert Morris. Images of America West Philadelphia University City to 52nd Street. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2002.

University of Delaware Library. "Eli K. Papers." University of Delaware Library Special Collections Department.  Processed August 1993, by Rhonda R. Newton. http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/findaids/price.htm (accessed  Jul. 10, 2008).

"African American Baseball in Philadelphia." ExplorePAhistory.Com. http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=2 (accessed Feb. 18, 2008)

"American Bandstand." ExplorePAhistory.Com. http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=449 (accessed Feb. 12, 2008).

Bartram’s Gardens. "John Bartram-America’s Pioneering Naturalist." John Bartram Association. http://www.bartramsgarden.org/ (accessed  Feb. 15, 2008).

Biond, Lawrence J. "West Philadelphia and Powelton History District Development Timeline." Powelton Village. http://www.poweltonvillage.org/powelton2.html (accessed Feb. 15, 2008).

Grubel, Matt. "The Building of West Philadelphia: The City Beautiful, 1911-1930," University of Pennsylvania Archives. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/exhbts/grubel/index.html, (accessed Feb. 20, 2008).

Hepp, John Henry. The Middle Class: Transforming Space and Time in Philadelphia 1876-1926. Philadelphia, PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.

Hillier, Amy. "Redlining and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation." Journal of Urban History, 29 (2003): 394-420.

Maass, John. The Glorious Enterprise: The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 and H.J. Schwarzmann, Architect-in-Chief. New York, NY.: American Life Foundation, 1973.

Magee, Richard. Magee’s Illustrated Guide of Philadelphia and the Centennial Exhibition: A Guide and descriptions to all places of interest in or about Philadelphia, to the Centennial grounds and buildings, and Fairmount Park. Philadelphia, PA.: Richard Magee & Son, 1876.

O’Mara, Margaret Pugh. "Building Brainsville: The University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia." Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 2005, Chapter 4.

Miller, Roger and Siry, Joseph. "The Emerging Suburb: West Philadelphia 1850-1880." Pennsylvania History, 47, no. 2 (1980): 99-145.

Nicolai, Richard R. Centennial Philadelphia. Bryn Mawr, PA.: Bryn Mawr Press, 1976.

Philadelphia, PA [map]. Vol.14, 1922. Scale not given. "Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 1916-1929 – Philadelphia". Digital Sanborn Maps. http://sanborn.umi.com/pa/7905/dateid-000001.htm?CCSI=2429n (accessed Feb. 15, 2008).

Philadelphia, PA [map]. Vol. 15, 1923. Scale not given. "Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 1916-1929 – Philadelphia". Digital Sanborn Maps. http://sanborn.umi.com/splash.html (accessed Feb.15, 2008).

University of Pennsylvania Archives and Record Center. "Profiles in Penn History: A Documentary History of Title to Penn's West Philadelphia Campus 1870-1900." University of Pennsylvania. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/alum/99_3.html.

Pinsker, Lauren. "History of Spruce Hill," University of Pennsylvania Archives and Record Center. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/upwphil/pinsker_sprucehill.pdf.

Thomas, George. "Powelton Historic District of University City." University City Historical Society. http://www.uchs.net (accessed Feb. 20, 2008).

Thayer, Preston and Porter, Jed. "West Philadelphia." Workshop of the World Philadelphia, PA.: Oliver Evans Press, 1990. http://www.workshopoftheworld.com/west_phila/west_phila.html (accessed Feb. 18, 2008).

Cheape, Charles W. Moving the Masses: Urban Public Transit in New York, Boston and Philadelphia 1880-1912. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Cutler, William W. and Howard Gillette, Jr. The Divided Metropolis: Social and Spatial Dimensions of Philadelphia, 1800-1975. Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press, 1980.

Darlington, Peggy, David Pirmann, and Gregory Jordan-Detamore. "Market Frankford El." York City Subway Resources. http://world.nycsubway.org/us/phila/market-frankford.html (accessed Feb. 1, 2008).

Jackle, Robert Carl. Philadelphia Across the Schuylkill: Work, Transportation and Residence in West Philadelphia, 1860-1910. Ph. D. dissertation, Temple University, 1985.

Kephart, Beth. Flow: The Life and Times of Philadelphia’s Schuylkill River. Philadelphia, PA.: Temple University Press, 2007.

Lewis, John Frederick. The Redemption of the Lower Schuylkill. Philadelphia, PA.: City Parks Association, 1924.

O’Mara, Margaret Pugh. "Building Brainsville: The University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia." Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 2005, Chapter 4.

Miller, Roger and Siry, Joseph. "The Emerging Suburb: West Philadelphia 1850-1880." Pennsylvania History, 47, no. 2 (1980): 99-145.

SEPTA (Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Association). http://www.septa.org/inside/history/mfse.html (accessed Feb. 1, 2008)