1740-1875:

Women at Penn during the era of the Charity Schools

1876-1879

Women's first appearance in Penn classrooms is as Special Students

On 13 October, two women - Gertrude Klein Peirce and Anna Lockhart Flanigen - enrolled as special students in the Towne Scientific School (the present-day School of Engineering and Applied Science). Ms. Flanigen was twenty-four years old and had been a student at the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania (but apparently not a graduate of that school). Ms. Peirce was seventeen years old and had also been a student in the Women's Medical College. They were the first women to be admitted to collegiate courses customarily leading to a University degree. As special students, however, Peirce and Flanigen were not eligible for a degree. Both women took courses in the Department of Chemistry. Gertrude Klein Peirce later married Francis H. Easby, Jr., B.S. 1881.

In December, the Trustees established the Department of Music and adopted the academic requirements for the Bachelor of Music degree. This was the first academic program at Penn to admit women from the date of its establishment. Six women - A.R. Brown, Eleanor S. Cooper, Julia Catherine Foulke, E.H. Miller, M.H. Sinclair, and M. Wetherill - enrolled in 1877-78 as regular students in the two-year course leading to a Certificate of Proficiency in Music. None of these women earned the Certificate of Proficiency, but they were nevertheless a distinguished group. "A.R. Brown" was Anna Robertson Brown, who, in 1892, would become the first woman to earn Penn's Ph.D. "E.H. Miller" was the daughter of Elihu Spencer Miller, Professor of Law and Dean of the Law School. "Julia Catherine Foulke" later married a graduate of the College, Henry Carvill Lewis, A.B. 1873.

In June, the Trustees closed the Charity School, stating that the public schools of Philadelphia had progressed to the point where they provided educational facilities and teaching comparable to that previously available to the poor only through charity schools. The Trustees re-directed the income of the Charity School trust to collegiate scholarships for young men and to instruction for "female students" so far as the Provost thought appropriate at the University.

On 14 September, Mary Elfreth Allen, M.D., an 1876 graduate of the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, became the third woman to enroll as a special student in the School of Engineering. Dr. Allen was twenty-seven years old and lived at 524 Pine Street, Philadelphia.

Also in September, at their regular stated meeting, the Trustees adopted the following preamble and five-part resolution:

"Whereas, the Board, at its meeting June 5th 1877 directed that the Charity Schools be closed, and that the funds by which they were supported should be hereafter applied to maintain gratuitous instruction for children, male and female, in needy circumstances in the Department of Arts [the present-day College] and the Towne Scientific School [the present-day School of Engineering and Applied Science],

"Resolved, That the [Trustees] Committees on said Departments be authorized, on the recommendation of the Provost, to admit into the Department of Arts and the Towne Scientific School such a number of male children in indigent circumstances as they may deem expedient, such children having first passed the prescribed examination for admission and fulfilled the other conditions for entrance therein;

"Resolved, That said Committees be authorized on the recommendation of the Provost to admit such a number of female children in indigent circumstances as they may deem expedient to the lectures on History and to the instruction by lecture and in the laboratories in the Departments of Chemistry and Physics;

"Resolved, That any other females desiring to attend the instruction in the aforesaid subjects may do so on the payment of a fee to be settled by the Committees, provided that said females in the opinion of the Provost are sufficiently advanced to profit by the instruction;

"Resolved, That any female attending said course of instruction may present herself at the end thereof for examination therein and if said examination is satisfactory shall receive from the authorities of the University a certificate thereof;

"Resolved, That the Provost be requested to organize a plan of instruction upon the aforesaid principles and to give public notice of the same."

In October, the annual Catalogue of the University announced, for the first time,

"Women are now admitted, in the Towne Scientific School, to the Lectures on Modern History, given to the Seniors, to those on General Chemistry, given to the Freshmen and Sophomores, to those on Physics, given to the Sophomores, and to the instruction in Analytical Chemistry, given to Juniors and Seniors in one of the Laboratories."

In February, the Provost reported to the Trustees that "several ladies were in attendance" at the lectures on Modern History given to the Senior Class in the College.

On 22 March, Mary Thorn Lewis became the fourth (and final) woman to enroll as a special student in the School of Engineering. She was twenty-four years old and lived at 2224 Green Street, Philadelphia.

In April, the Trustees adopted a resolution which granted the request of the faculty of the Auxiliary School of Medicine to admit women. The Trustees noted, however, that the women admitted were "subject to the same regulation as at present exists permitting women under certain conditions to become special students in the Towne Scientific School (the present-day School of Engineering and Applied Science)."

At the Commencement held on 14 June, the University granted Certificates of Proficiency in Science to Anna Lockhart Flanigen and Gertrude Klein Peirce. They were the first women to complete a collegiate course of study at Penn.

The School of Dental Medicine was founded, but did not admit women.

The Trustees announced that "persons of both sexes are now admitted" to the classes in English, Classics, History, Social Science, and Speculative Philosophy (or "Darwinism"), in the College; to the classes in General Chemistry, Physics, and Analytical Chemistry, in the School of Engineering; and to all classes in the Department of Music.

The Trustees simultaneously announced the establishment of the Bloomfield Moore Fund, the income of which was dedicated to the education of women who planned to become teachers. The Fund was sufficient to support as many as six women in any one year and those who received the scholarship were free to enroll in any of the classes declared open to "both sexes." The Bloomfield Moore Fund was the first endowment for women's education at Penn.

1880-1900:

Women are first admitted as degree candidates on a limited basis and programs and schools specifically for women first appear

Women emerge in administrative and academic positions as undergraduates begin to create traditions and organizations parallel to those of men

1920-1932:

Women appear on standing faculties and undergraduate women continue to develop their own college life

1933-1950:

The College of Liberal Arts for Women is created

1951-1968:

Men's and women's activities at Penn begin to merge, while a few women faculty members gain tenure and advancement

1969-1974:

As more women are elected Trustees, the University deals with sex discrimination in faculty hiring and promotions

1975 - 1992:

Women students are fully integrated into the University, while women assume key roles throughout the central and academic administration

1993-present:

Women rise to the Presidency

Appendix:

Women Trustees