Skimmer: Timeline, University of Pennsylvania Archives

1949: Callow Day was born

"Callow Day" was initiated to arouse student interest in the Crew. Named in honor of Penn's crew coach, Rusty Callow, the event proved to be a huge social success and attracted brigades of undergraduates from other Eastern colleges. An annual tradition is begun.

"In any case, it seems that there was a gradually diminishing of crew fortunes over the years. … In an effort to counter this trend, the venerable Rusty Callow, then in his twenty-third year as crew coach here, stated on March 23, 1949, 'If something isn't done soon, crew will die out as a major sport at the University of Pennsylvania'. He further went on to deplore the attitude of the university towards its athletes, as well as the river course condition in general.
"In response to this indictment a triumvirate of well-meaning undergraduates attempted to revive interest and participation in this time honored sport. And so it came to pass, that on April 23, of that same year, Callow Day was held to honor the Coach who had been there since 1927. The reestablished tradition, modeled somewhat after Yale's Derby Day, but with Quaker modification, found students again sporting beat up straw hats, Callow's campus emblem."
- The Daily Pennsylvanian, April 24, 1964

1951: Callow Day became Skimmer Day

After Coach Rusty Callow left Penn for Annapolis and Joe Burk took over as the crew coach, a student poll was taken to rename Callow Day. As a result, the extravaganza was voted "Skimmer Day" in honor of the straw hats which had become the appropriate dress for the occasion. A "co-ed" poster contest was added.

"A skimmer is another name for a straw hat, and a straw hat this year will be the symbol of the biggest crew event in the East plus the biggest informal weekend that Pennsylvania has seen.
"In comparison to the plans that are now evolving from the Spirit Committee, the two previous Callow Days will be dwarfed. The All-University function will begin on Friday with a rally which will feature the crew, the coach, and the appearance of other personalities.
"Also planned is the annual Houston Hall cabaret dance on Friday evening. If weather permits, there will be outdoor dancing."
- The Pennsylvanian, April 10, 1951

1955: Celebration escalated to rioting

A Mardi Gras atmosphere was encouraged by the fraternity motorcade from campus to the Schuylkill River for the regatta as well as by the jazz music performed on the banks of the river. Celebration of the Penn crew victory led to a "Rowbottom", or student riot, in the vicinity of two fraternity houses at the corner of 39th and Spruce Streets. When police arrived at the scene, they swiftly became the targets of bottles and other projectiles. The University was not pleased with the resulting injuries, property damage, and student arrests.
"About 700 University of Pennsylvania students, 50 policemen, a couple of visitors from Washington and a six-piece Dixieland band got tangled up in a 'rowbottom' for over three hours early yesterday. The melee resulted in the arrest of 44 men and a girl, three injured policemen, two damaged fraternity houses, a dented patrol car, a litter of broke glass and paper in the vicinity of 39th and Spruce Streets, and a lot of bruised feelings. The 'rowbottom' allegedly grew out of the celebration of the Penn varsity crew's victory on the Schuylkill Saturday over Princeton and Columbia.....
"Police began receiving calls around midnight, but the major engagement took place about 3:30 a.m. It centered around two fraternity houses, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 3908 Spruce Street, and Delta Kappa Epsilon, 307 S. 39th Street. Police said that when they arrived to restore order, they were pelted with empty beer cans and bottles. They went into the fraternity houses and made some arrests after kicking open a few doors and breaking a few windows."
- The Evening Bulletin, April 25, 1955
"You probably read the Associated Press reports last month saying that there had been a Rowbottom on Skimmer Day, April 23. 'Twas no such thing. It was a riot.
"After the race, thousands of students converged on the campus.
"The band at Phi Sigma Delta started performing on the corner of 39th and Spruce. There can be no doubt that the band was loud, and that the students were far from quiet in their celebrations.
""By the time police had arrived-around 3 a.m.-the band had stopped playing, and the audience had begun to disperse. But as eight shiny red paddy wagons and fifteen cars charged through that mass of straw-hatted humanity, the interest of the approximately 700 students in staying on the corner, which had definitely begun to lag, perked joyously up again.
The police swiftly became targets for bottles and other missiles, especially, they seemed to feel from the Deke house. Several of them rushed into the fraternity, dashed up to the second and third floors, and broke down every door in both hallways, hauling some students out of bed to be shoved into the waiting paddywagons...."
Martin Griffin C' 55, Pennsylvania Gazette, June 1955
(view facsimile of entire article)

1956-1958: Growing concern about student conduct on the banks of the Schuylkill River

After the 1955 disturbances, the Fairmount Park Commission and then the Penn administration began to express misgivings about the event. These concerns deepened early in the spring of 1956, when 116 students were jailed and 28 held for grand jury action as a result of another major "Rowbottom" on the Penn campus. Not surprisingly, even though this 1956 riot occurred early in the spring and had no connection with that year's Skimmer (which was actually relatively peaceful), efforts to control student gatherings increased.
In 1957, the Fairmount Park Commission, fed up with the litter and rowdiness, made it clear that it would enforce the prohibitions against alcohol use in the park. The Undergraduate Council responded by attempting to move the regatta to the University's Valley Forge property along the Schuylkill River. The students' plan was for the University to allow alcohol as long as its use was consistent with University regulations. However, this plan proved unfeasible when a farmer leased the Valley Forge land for planting. A full program of races, music and social activities was held along the Schuylkill River in Fairmount Park in both 1957 and 1958; the 1958 activities included the women's poster contest, a motorcade to the river, three jazz bands, refreshments, and varsity crew races, as well as races by the freshmen and the junior varsity and an exhibition of women's rowing.

"Skimmer Day cannot be held on the University's land in Valley Forge because the University leased the ground to a farmer over the weekend, it was announced last night at a meeting of the Undergraduate Council......It will not be possible to hold the event on the land once the farmer has begun planting crops and he will begin planting within two weeks......The site of Skimmer Day was originally moved because no alcoholic beverages of any sort could be consumed by anyone at Fairmount Park. At Valley Forge, however, alcoholic beverages could be used as long as it was consistent with University regulations"
- Daily Pennsylvanian, March 8, 1957

1959: The year without a Skimmer

In the fall of 1958, at the urging of the Fairmount Park Commission, the University administration canceled Skimmer Day for the coming spring of 1959, citing high costs of cleanup and illegal alcohol use as reasons for cancellation. Following the announcement, the Undergraduate Committee on Student Affairs sought another method and place to have a big spring weekend. The University's attempt to substitute an on-campus spring celebration for Skimmer was not particularly popular among students, who thought having the event elsewhere would defeat its purposes of honoring the crew and getting off campus. A steamboat trip on the Delaware was suggested, but the charter boat company declined because of the problem of alcohol. When the committee proposed a jazz carnival be held on College Green, this plan was vetoed by Vice President for Student Affairs, Gene D. Gisburne, who feared damage to University buildings and other misconduct right at the center of campus. In the end there was no Skimmer in 1959.
"Skimmer Day as it has existed in the past has been removed from the University calendar at the urging of the Commissioners of Fairmount Park.
"Plans for shifting Skimmer from the Schuylkill River site have long been under consideration by the Undergraduate Council and the Committee on Student Affairs due to the traffic problems created on the River Drives and the desirability of making the affair more private.
"With the cancellation of the present Skimmer Day, committees of students and members of the administration are formulating plans for a big 'spring weekend' which will eliminate many of the objections to the event.
"Every effort is being made in connection with these plans to retain as much of the atmosphere that has made Skimmer Day one of the events in the East. The only thing which will be changed is the location and it will become possible to expand the affair when the limitations of the river location are removed.
"In asking for the cancellation, the Commission cited disturbances which have arisen in the past and misconduct on the part of many people who are not connected with the University. One of the conditions of any new proposal is that outsiders must be excluded except on an invitation basis."
- Daily Pennsylvanian, Oct. 28. 1958

1960-1963: Big-name concerts offered an alternative to uncontrolled partying on campus

Image of Louis Armstrong, headliner on Franklin Field during Skimmer 1960

During the early 1960s, on-campus concerts during Skimmer were expanded beyond the Penn Glee Club. In hopes of curtailing uncontrolled drinking in the fraternities, a major concert was held in Franklin Field on Saturday night. The headliners included such entertainers as Louis Armstrong in 1960 and the Limeliters in 1963.

1963: Out of Control

Skimmer coincided with the Penn Relays as well as Hey Day. Police and security were no match for rowdy students at the races on the Schuylkill, at the Franklin Field concerts, or amid the revelry spilling out of fraternity houses. Twenty-four Pinkertons and six campus security guards were no match for the crowd of 5,000 students. Amidst dozens of drag races, a crockery smash, snake dances, youthful rowdiness escalated into riot. Property was damaged, people assaulted and students arrested. Cars were overturned, fist fights broke out, and gasoline was poured into the unused trolley tracks on Locust Street and set afire. As a result, the University administration banned future such events.
"Five of some 50 youths who jumped in the river to compete with the four-man canoes were arrested, and a car was unceremoniously dumped in the stream as students celebrated the arrival of Skimmer Day - opening of the straw hat season."
- The Philadelphia Inquirer, April 21, 1963

A party at Phi Gamma Delta house was crashed by outsiders; members of the fraternity pushed the party crashers out to the street and fist fighting started on the pavement. "Other parties were breaking up and the fight became a free-for-all, with about 300 young men engaged and a number of coeds looking on … Bottles were thrown, stones heaved at passing cars and cabs in 36th and 37th street. Some windows were broken."
- Bulletin, April 20, 1963
"The University regrets exceedingly the series of rowdy, inexcusable, and irresponsible acts committed last Friday and Saturday by a number of University students and their guests and will take prompt and severe disciplinary action against those involved. Incidents of this type affect adversely the University's relationship with the community, and the acts which demonstrate a disregard for the good name of the University cannot be condoned. The regrettable incidents are clearly related to the specially scheduled social events which took place last weekend. Under the circumstances, therefore, in the future, permission to conduct activities of this character will be denied University student groups."
- Statement issued by Gene D. Gisburne, Vice-President for Student Affairs, April 23, 1963

1964: Remmiks

In response to the administration banning of Skimmer and warnings about the repercussions of rowdy student behavior, students held an independent and peaceful Skimmer, calling it "Remmiks" (Skimmer spelled backwards).

"No one will deny that tomorrow is Remmiks er, Skimmer - er, rowbottom. It's the day of idyllic joy and beer and Schuylkill and girls and police and beer and - oh yes, crew races. Ever since time immemorial this sacrosanct day has been in the Pennsylvania tradition of Ben's two loaves, thunder mugs, ukuleles and everything else you can think of as customary at Pennsylvania.
"This is an exhortation to the students of the University to make the personal decision whether to Remmiks around or to act in a fashion that will not bring disgrace to the name of Penn, and the fine Penn genealogies that find it painful to go through the process of expunging arrests by the Philadelphia riot-busters.
"But back to Remmiks: There is little danger that either Gerry Mulligan or Bud and Travis will incite the students to riot at Friday night's concert. Unfortunately, the urge comes from within, an ineffable, quasi-transcendental predilection to smash. It is our hope that the students will choose the more humane of the two courses offered and will refrain from rowdyism for its own sake, which has marred the spirit of many Skimmers past and last year pushed the administration so far back to its ivy-covered wall that it had to abolish such bacchanals forever.
- A Quiet Skimmer", The Pennsylvanian, April 24, 1964

1965: Students attempt to control alcohol and behavior

The Men's Student Government proposed a "no-beer-in-the-hand Franklin Field lawn" version of Skimmer and promised the University administration it would run Skimmer weekend with better controls of both the external program and the individuals participating. The administration went along with this proposal, with the disclaimer that the University had no connection with any activities held at the river. Instead the Fairmount Park Commission was responsible for maintaining order at the crew races, where a hundred Fairmount Park guards, as well as plain clothes men, had orders to arrest any minor possessing alcohol and to write sanitation summons for littering or for throwing cans and bottles. For on-campus events held at Franklin Field, the University hired two dozen uniformed special policemen to supervise activities.

"The Men's Student Government proposal for an April 30th Skimmer weekend, highlighted by a no-beer-in-the-hand Franklin Field lawn revival is most welcome. That the Student Government has declared itself, at the outset, opposed to mixing drink with Skimmer fun is even more welcome.
"The MSG is going to the administration with a plan, which by its own restrictions would hopefully guarantee the safeguarding of excessive intoxication at Skimmer. This self-imposed guideline evokes memories of the infamous Skimmer of 1963, when the University, with an indirect sanction upon the use of liquor, permitted not only the use of Franklin Field for Skimmer, but somehow condemned the raucousness that followed from its own curious drinking sanctions.
"Few would pretend that the MSG proposal of last night flows from a purer conception of morality than the University's. Rather it's significance lies in the fact that students are asking not for a chance to drink, but rather for a chance to have some fun. That students are large enough to make this distinction - once the disaster of '63 has passed off into obscurity - allows for a very hearty endorsement."
- Daily Pennsylvanian, March 2, 1965

1966-1972: The waning of Skimmer

During the late 1960s, as student protest swept the nation, the focus of Skimmer Day/Spring Weekend shifted more and more away from off-campus activities along the Schuylkill River to organized events on-campus.
Skimmer Day 1971 began on Friday with the usual Hey Day activities, including awards to the four honor men; an evening concert by A Beautiful Day and the Steve Miller Band was held on Hill Field. Saturday's advertised activities included a "Coney Island Food Festival" behind Houston Hall, followed by a rock concert and, simultaneously a movie in Irvine Auditorium. Crew races did occur on the Schuylkill River, but were not even billed as part of the Skimmer Day activities.

"It used to be that Skimmer had something to do with crew races. Skimmer is the annual spring bust-out of the University of Pennsylvania. … Somewhere along the line, the reason (or excuse) for Skimmer was lost"
- Daily Pennsylvanian, April 23, 1971

1973: The end of Skimmer

Skimmer Weekend was replaced by Spring Fling. In subsequent years, "Skimmer Weekend" referred to the traditional Hey Day activities and Penn Relays.
"The first Spring Fling was held the weekend of April 21, 1973. Almost all of the weekend's activities - which included carnival booths, art exhibits, and five hours of square dancing - took place in the Quad, and the concert, then gratis, featured a no-name guitarist named Dave Weinburg, who played from a chair on the grass of the Quad in front of McClelland Hall....
"The event was originally called Skimmer Weekend when it was the weekend in April during which Hey Day and the crew races were held. Spring Fling featured a large open-air arts and crafts show in the Quad, where vendors displayed jewelry, artwork, and other wares - but there were always food wagons....
"But whether it was called "Skimmer Weekend" or "Spring Fling", the event has always been a weekend of drinking and parties. In fact, the crew races were as big a drinking event as Greek Week."
- "A Look Back - Flinging Into the Past", Daily Pennsylvanian, April 22, 1983.